《科学》（20260730出版）一周论文导读—旧事—科学网

编译|冯维维

Science,科学 30 July 2026,Volume 393, Issue 6810

《科学》2026年7月30日 ，第393卷 ，出版6810期

物理学Physics

Toward an exact quantum many-body treatment of Kondo correlation in magnetic impurities

迈向磁性杂质中近藤联络相干的周论切确量子多体措置

▲ 作者
：TIANYU ZHU, LINQING PENG, HUANCHEN ZHAI, ZHI-HAO CUI, RUNZE CHI, AND GARNET KIN-LIC CHAN

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq7402

▲摘要：

近藤效应是一品种型的量子气候，源于磁性杂质中的文导局域电子与金属基体中的巡游电子之间的彼此感染。

当然这一气候数十年来不时是读旧量子多体编制的履行场 ，但假定何故材料特异性切确描摹近藤物理仍具挑衅性
。事科

研究者提出了一种琐细的学网从头算编制，以趋近于对近藤联络相干举办切确的科学零温电子筹划措置 。在一系列3d过渡金属中，出版他们提掏出的周论近藤温度与考验考验上纤细的改削趋势相婚配 ，其精度超出了标准模型 。文导

研究者进一步从微不美不雅不雅不雅不雅不雅不雅层面深切体味了这些趋势的读旧本源
。更普及地说，事科该研究展示了从无缺从头算多体模仿解缆，学网并推向收敛料想局限的科学大年夜大年夜约性。

▲ Abstract
：

The Kondo effect is a prototypical quantum phenomenon arising from the interaction between localized electrons in a magnetic impurity and itinerant electrons in a metallic host. Although this phenomenon has served as the testing ground for quantum many-body methods for decades, the precise description of Kondo physics with material specificity remains challenging. Here, we present a systematic ab initio approach to converge toward an exact zero-temperature electronic treatment of Kondo correlations. Across a series of 3d transition metals, we extracted Kondo temperatures matching subtle experimental trends, with accuracy exceeding that of standard models. We further obtained microscopic insight into the origin of these trends. More broadly, we demonstrate the possibility to start from fully ab initio many-body simulations and push toward the realm of converged predictions.

化学Chemistry

Catalytic Appel fluorination of alcohols with potassium fluoride

氟化钾催化Appel回响完成醇的氟化

▲ 作者：ANIRBAN MONDAL, JOB J. C. STRUIJS, CALEB J. N. DOYLE, ZIJUN CHEN, ZIAN WANG, WORAWIT TANGAMORNCHAIPATTANA, CHRISTOPHE ALLAIS, PAUL F. RICHARDSON, JARED PIPER, AND VéRONIQUE GOUVERNEUR

▲链接 ：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aec6298

▲摘要：

Appel卤化回响普及用于将醇转化为烷基卤化物  ，但不合用于制备烷基氟化物，因为氟会被二氟鏻烷螯合而没法介入回响。

研究者引进了可在氛围中晃荡存放的新戊氧基鏻盐来措置这一经久存在的挑衅 。独霸这些试剂
，多种醇可在氢键相转移催化前提下与氟化钾产生发火氟化回响 ，该回响编制为完成醇的对映选择性氟化供给了一条路途。

其机理是：起首构成新戊氧基氟鏻烷，该中心体偏向于与醇底物产生发火可逆交换，而非生成二氟鏻烷 。

催化剂有助于氟化钾的熔化和磷–氟键的解离，从而使烷氧基鏻氟离子对产生发火构型翻转的氟化回响。催化轮回的周转源于催化剂对氟离子的连络强于对氧化膦（回响的副产品）的连络 ，而氧化膦可作为分化鏻试剂的肇端材料举办收受领受独霸 。

▲ Abstract：

Appel halogenation reactions are widely used to convert alcohols to alkyl halides but are not suitable to prepare alkyl fluorides because fluoride is sequestered as a difluorophosphorane. In this work, we introduce bench-stable neopentoxyphosphonium salts to solve this enduring challenge. With these reagents, various alcohols undergo fluorination with potassium fluoride under hydrogen bonding phase-transfer catalysis, a manifold offering a pathway to enantioselective fluorination of alcohols. Mechanistically, a neopentoxyfluorophosphorane is formed, which undergoes reversible exchange with the alcohol substrate in preference to difluorophosphorane formation. The catalyst assists with potassium fluoride solubilization and with phosphorus–fluorine bond dissociation, leading to the alkoxyphosphonium fluoride ion pair undergoing stereoinvertive fluorination. Turnover results from stronger binding of the catalyst to fluoride than phosphine oxide, the by-product of the reaction, which is recyclable as starting material for the synthesis of the phosphonium reagents.

物理化学Physical Chemistry

n-Type polymer layers enable efficient, scalable, and thermally stable perovskite solar modules

n型聚合物层助力高效、可扩大年夜大年夜大年夜大年夜且热晃荡的钙钛矿太阳能电池组件

▲ 作者 ：DANPENG GAO, JIE GONG, LEI YANG, NING WANG, BOHONG CHANG, LIANGCHEN QIAN, FRANCESCO VANIN, CHUNLEI ZHANG, ZEXIN YU, AND ZONGLONG ZHU

▲链接
：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aed8175

▲摘要：

倒置（p-i-n）筹划钙钛矿太阳能电池中独霸的富勒烯基电子传输层（ETL）存在成本高、可扩大年夜大年夜大年夜大年夜性差和不晃荡等问题 ，而高晃荡性无机氧化物则存在能级婚配不佳和磁滞加强等偏向偏向，从而降低了功率转换屈就（PCE）。

研究者报导了一种非富勒烯共轭聚合物——2PB-T ，该聚合物在主链中引进了共面且吸电子的苝二酰亚胺（PBI）单位 。PBI聚合物主链和侧链工程经由过程优化电子传输功用 、薄膜平均性和界面连络力 ，措置了小分子ETL的不晃荡性问题。

小面积器件完成了27.8%的冠军PCE
，经认证的最除夜功率点跟踪（MPPT）屈就为27.3% 。面积为20.6和625平方厘米的钙钛矿组件的PCE分袂抵达24.4%和22.5% 。

小面积器件在氛围中85℃下延续MPPT测试1752小时后 ，仍贯穿连接初始PCE的98.6%以上；625平方厘米组件在户外运转5900小时后，仍贯穿连接初始PCE的96.9%。

▲ Abstract：

Fullerene-based electron transport layers (ETLs) used in inverted (p-i-n) perovskite solar cells face issues regarding cost, scalability, and instability, whereas highly stable inorganic oxides feature unfavorable energy alignment and enhance hysteresis, which reduce power conversion efficiency (PCE). We report a nonfullerene conjugated polymer, 2PB-T, that incorporates coplanar and electron-withdrawing perylene bisimide (PBI) units into its backbone. The PBI polymeric backbone and side-chain engineering address the instability of small-molecule ETLs by optimizing electron transport properties, film uniformity, and inte***cial binding. Small-area devices achieved a champion PCE of 27.8%, with a certified maximum power point tracking (MPPT) efficiency of 27.3%. Perovskite modules with areas of 20.6 and 625 square centimeters reached PCEs of 24.4 and 22.5%, respectively. Small-area devices retained more than 98.6% of their initial PCE after 1752 hours of continuous MPPT at 85°C in air, and the 625-square-centimeter module maintained 96.9% of its initial PCE after 5900 hours of outdoor operation.

Plasma su***ce engineering for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells and modules

等离子体外不雅工程用于高效晃荡的钙钛矿太阳能电池及组件

▲ 作者：RUNDONG FAN, YUE MA, SHUOYANG XU, LIANG CHENG, ZHONGYANG ZHANG, YAN LI, HUIJUN LIU, ZHAOBOXUN BAO, GUILIN LIU,AND HUANPING ZHOU

▲链接
：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aeg1730

▲摘要 ：

钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的不晃荡性次要源于与软质多组分钙钛矿晶格相干的界面所长的构成和演变。

研究者报导了一种可局限化、基于等离子体的钝化计策 ，该计策经由过程在除夜面积钙钛矿薄膜前程行原位化学回响
，构成共形、平均且强键合的异质筹划。

该编制还能加重激光划刻互连区域内的偏向堆集 ，而部分毁伤经常是这些区域招致组件级别功用丧损掉落踪落的次要启事 。

研究者在小面积器件（有效面积8.313平方毫米）中完成了27.2%的功率转换屈就（PCE）
，在100平方厘米组件（孔径面积65.05平方厘米）中完成了24.0%的PCE（认证屈就为23.5%）。

小面积器件在85°C
、1倍太阳光照下经由2000小时最除夜功率点跟踪后，仍贯穿连接初始PCE的98.1%；100平方厘米组件在65°C、1倍太阳光照下经由1600小时后，仍贯穿连接初始PCE的99.3%。

▲ Abstract
：

The instability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) stems largely from the formation and evolution of inte***cial defects associated with the soft, multicomponent perovskite lattice. We report a scalable, plasma-based passivation strategy that forms conformal, uniform, and strong-bonded heterostructure through in situ chemical reactions on large-area perovskite films. This approach also mitigates defect accumulation within the laser-scribed interconnection regions, where localized damage often dominates module-level performance losses. We achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 27.2% in small-area devices (active area 8.313 square millimeters) and 24.0% (certified efficiency of 23.5%) in 100-square-centimeter (cm2) modules (aperture area 65.05 cm2). The small-area device retained 98.1% of its initial PCE after 2000 hours of maximum power point tracking at 85°C under 1-sun illumination, and the 100-cm2 module retained 99.3% of its initial PCE after 1600 hours at 65°C under 1-sun illumination.

生命科学Life Science

Atlas of lysosomal aging reveals a metabolite signature shared with lysosomal storage disorders

溶酶体衰老图谱揭穿一种与溶酶体贮积症共享的代谢特点

▲ 作者：ANNA M. PUSZYNSKA, THAO P. NGUYEN, ANDREW L. CANGELOSI, ANDREA ARMANI, JUSTIN M. ROBERTS, KRISTIN A. SINGH, JAMES C. CAMERON, TENZIN TSEYANG, GRACE Y. LIU, AND JONATHAN S. WEISSMAN

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ady0832

▲摘要 ：

溶酶体经久以来被认为会在衰老过程中退步，但这类退步的分子根本不时不了然。研究者将疾速溶酶体分袂技能与细胞器分辨代谢组学相连络 ，绘制了跨构造和跨物种的溶酶体衰老图谱。

在小鼠、除夜鼠和恒河猴中 ，脑、心脏、肌肉和脂肪构造中的衰老溶酶体堆集了甘油磷酸二酯和胱氨酸——这些代谢物与年少型溶酶体贮积症（巴顿病和胱氨酸病）相干 。

在小鼠中，这些改削随岁数添加而慢慢加重 ，早于机体集团的阑珊  ，并且在心脏和肌肉中遭到热量限制的减缓
。这揭穿了一种保守的溶酶体衰老代谢特点 ，与某些溶酶体贮积症的分子特点相赐顾帮衬。

▲ Abstract
 ：

Lysosomes have long been suspected to deteriorate during aging, but the molecular basis of this decline has remained unclear. Puszynska et al. combined rapid lysosome isolation with organelle-resolved metabolomics to profile lysosomal aging across tissues and species (see the Perspective by Na and Brunet). In mice, rats, and rhesus macaques, aged lysosomes in brain, heart, muscle, and adipose tissue accumulated glycerophosphodiesters and cystine, metabolites associated with the juvenile lysosomal storage disorders Batten disease and cystinosis. In mice, these changes increased progressively with age, preceded organismal decline, and were attenuated by caloric restriction in heart and muscle, revealing a conserved metabolic signature of lysosomal aging that mirrors the molecular features of select lysosomal storage disorders.

DNA polymerization activates RNA cleavage of a reverse transcriptase–like antiviral enzyme

DNA聚合感染激活一种逆转录酶样抗病毒酶的RNA切割活性

▲ 作者：XUEJUN RONG (荣雪君), JUN XIAO (肖军) , XINYUAN ZHAO (赵新元) , YAN YAN (闫艳), JING LI (李静), YIFAN CHEN (陈逸凡), YIHUA FAN (范益华), ZHICHAO LIU (刘志超), YUE CAO (曹越) , AND BIN ZHU (朱斌)

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aef3178

▲摘要：

警悟相干逆转录酶（DRTs）经由过程多种计策介导细菌的抗病毒免疫，个中良多计策依托于非编码RNA（ncRNAs） 。

Rong等人揭穿了一种不依托非编码RNA的机制
 ，在该机制中 ，DRT4感知噬菌体困惑的核苷酸降低，并分化蛋白质引物带领的单链DNA。这类DNA经由过程折叠成晃荡筹划或在病毒蛋白的赞助下
，从聚合酶口袋中被置换出来 。

DNA置换随后触发DRT4的构象改削，激活其RNA水解酶活性，招致病毒和细菌RNA的降解。这类精细的计策可延续感染并困惑宿主进进休眠外形，揭穿了一种将DNA分化与RNA切割联络起来的抗病毒免疫新范式。

▲ Abstract ：

Defense-associated reverse transcriptases (DRTs) mediate bacterial antiviral immunity through diverse strategies, many of which rely on noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Rong et al. uncovered an ncRNA-independent mechanism in which DRT4 senses phage-induced nucleotide elevation and synthesizes protein-primed single-stranded DNA. This DNA is displaced from the polymerase pocket either by folding into stable structures or with the assistance of viral proteins. DNA displacement then triggers a conformational change in DRT4 that activates its RNA hydrolase activity, leading to the degradation of both viral and bacterial RNA. This elegant strategy halts infection and induces host dormancy, revealing a paradigm of antiviral immunity that links DNA synthesis to RNA cleavage.